Developmental toxicity study in Fischer 344 rats by whole-body exposure to N,N-dimethylethanolamine vapor

Timed-pregnant Fischer 344 rats were exposed whole body to N,N-dimethylethanolamine vapor for 6 h per day on gestational days 6-15 at mean (+/- SD) analytically measured concentrations of 10.4 +/- 0.86, 29.8 +/- 2.14 and 100 +/- 4.9 ppm. Dams were sacrificed on gestational day 21. There was no maternal mortality in any exposed groups. Maternal toxicity observed in the 100 ppm group included reduced body weight during and after exposures, reduced weight gain during exposure and ocular changes (darkened, cloudy and hazy eyes, slight corneal vascularization and fixed, dilated pupils). Ocular effects were also noted in the other two exposure groups; the effects were quite marked at 30 ppm but only minimal and transient at 10 ppm. There were no effects of treatment on any gestational parameters, including pre- and postimplantation loss or sex ratio. Fetal body weights per litter were statistically significantly increased at 100 ppm relative to controls. There were no increases in the incidences of total malformations by category (external, visceral or skeletal) or individually. The incidence of six skeletal variations out of 120 noted differed in exposed groups relative to that of control. Four of these variations were decreases in incidence; only one fetal variation, the split (bipartite) cervical centrum, was elevated at 100 ppm relative to controls. In the absence of any other indications of delayed ossification or fetal body weights, the observed fetal variation does not suggest a consistent pattern of fetal toxicity. Hence, the no-observed-adverse-effect level is around 10 ppm for maternal toxicity and at or above 100 ppm for embryofetal toxicity and teratogenicity.