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Aboriginal health

H L MacMillan1, A B MacMillan, D R Offord

  • 1Center for Studies of Children at Risk.

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Canadian Indigenous peoples face higher mortality and morbidity rates compared to the general population. Addressing social determinants like poverty is crucial for improving Indigenous health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Indigenous Health

Background:

  • Canadian Indigenous peoples experience significant health disparities.
  • Higher rates of mortality and morbidity are evident in Indigenous populations compared to non-Indigenous Canadians.
  • Social and environmental factors contribute to these health inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide healthcare workers with an overview of the health status of Canada's Indigenous peoples.
  • To synthesize current epidemiological data on Indigenous health.
  • To identify key health challenges and inform healthcare practices.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE (1989-1995) using keywords related to Indigenous peoples.
  • Inclusion of review and research articles with original epidemiologic data, prioritizing Canadian studies.

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  • Data extraction focused on target population, methods, and conclusions, with expert consultation.

    • Main Results:

    • Indigenous populations exhibit higher infant mortality rates and all-cause mortality rates than the general Canadian population.
    • Increased risks observed for alcoholism, homicide, suicide, pneumonia, chronic diseases like diabetes, infectious diseases, and substance abuse.
    • Some subgroups show lower incidence of heart disease and certain cancers, but confounding factors like poverty are often unassessed.

    Conclusions:

    • Canadian Indigenous peoples have a shorter life expectancy and a greater burden of disease and mental illness.
    • Poverty and other socioeconomic factors are critical, yet understudied, determinants of Indigenous health.
    • Future research and health priorities should be guided by Indigenous communities themselves.