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Detection of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 in stool specimens by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays
Insights
Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) were detected in children with acute gastroenteritis. These viruses were identified using ELISAs and cell culture, with comparable results from commercial tests.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute gastroenteritis is a common illness in children.
- Enteric adenoviruses, specifically Ad40 and Ad41, are known causes of gastroenteritis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) in children with acute gastroenteritis.
- To evaluate diagnostic methods for detecting enteric adenoviruses.
Main Methods:
- Stool samples from 273 children with diarrhea and 137 controls were tested.
- Home-made monoclonal-based ELISAs were used for adenovirus antigen detection and typing (Ad40, Ad41).
- Virus isolation in cell lines (Graham 293, HEp-2) and evaluation of commercial tests (latex agglutination, ELISA) were performed.
Main Results:
- Adenovirus was detected in 6.1% of samples.
- Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) were found in 2.6% of children with diarrhea and not in controls.
- Non-enteric adenoviruses were detected in both patients (3.2%) and controls (6.5%).
- Commercial diagnostic tests showed comparable results to in-house ELISAs.
Conclusions:
- Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) play a role in acute gastroenteritis in children.
- Both in-house and commercial diagnostic assays are effective for identifying enteric adenoviruses in stool specimens.
Abstract:
To examine the role of enteric adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) in children with acute gastroenteritis, we evaluated 273 children with diarrhoea and 137 without enteric symptoms in Palermo, Italy, during an 8-month period. Stools were tested by two home-made monoclonal-based ELISAs to detected genus-specific adenovirus antigen and to type Ad40 and Ad41. Twenty-five samples (6.1%) were found to contain adenovirus, 18 of which were grown in Graham 293 and in HEp-2 cells. Ad40 and Ad41 were detected in 2.6% of children with diarrhoea and in none in the control group, while non-enteric adenoviruses were obtained from both patients (3.2%) and controls (6.5%). Samples containing Ad40 and Ad41 were positive by the virus isolation procedure in Graham and in HEp-2 cells, showing no distinct growth pattern in these cell lines. The evaluation of a latex agglutination test (Adenolex) and of a commercial ELISA (Adenoclone), respectively available for the detection of genus adenovirus antigen and for the typing of Ad40 and Ad41 suggests that both tests enable the identification of enteric adenoviruses in stool specimens, giving results comparable to our ELISAs.