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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Narrative development in late talkers: early school age

R Paul1, R Hernandez, L Taylor

  • 1Portland State University, OR, USA. rhea@nh1.nh.pdx.edu

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Children with slow expressive language development (SELD) showed initial language delays. However, most children with a history of expressive language delay (HELD) caught up by second grade, unlike those with ongoing expressive language delay (ELD).

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Area of Science:

  • Child development
  • Linguistics
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Slow expressive language development (SELD) in toddlers can impact later academic performance.
  • Understanding the long-term trajectory of SELD is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the narrative skills of children with SELD compared to typically developing peers.
  • To differentiate between children who outgrow SELD and those with persistent delays.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking children from toddlerhood to second grade.
  • Narrative generation task administered in kindergarten, first, and second grade.
  • Analysis of linguistic features including MLU, lexical diversity, cohesive ties, and narrative maturity.

Main Results:

  • In kindergarten, children with normal language history outperformed HELD and ELD groups in lexical diversity and narrative stage.
  • By first grade, normal language history group showed superior narrative maturity compared to HELD and ELD groups.
  • No significant differences in narrative skills were observed among the groups by second grade.

Conclusions:

  • Children with a history of expressive language delay (HELD) demonstrate significant catch-up in narrative skills by early school age.
  • Persistent expressive language delay (ELD) may require continued monitoring and support.
  • Early language development trajectories can normalize over time, highlighting the importance of longitudinal assessment.