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Related Experiment Videos

Partial matching in the Moses illusion: response bias not sensitivity

E N Kamas1, L M Reder, M S Ayers

  • 1Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Memory & Cognition
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

The Moses illusion, where people miss errors like "Moses" instead of "Noah" on the Ark, is not due to word-level matching. Our findings suggest this cognitive illusion operates at a deeper, feature-detection level.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Perception
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • The Moses illusion demonstrates difficulty in detecting semantic distortions in questions.
  • Previous research proposed a word-level partial-match process as the cause.
  • Some studies suggested focusing on specific words could reduce the Moses illusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanism of the Moses illusion.
  • To challenge the word-level partial-match hypothesis.
  • To determine if the illusion operates at a sub-word level.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental design to test participants' ability to detect distortions.
  • Analysis of response criteria and detection abilities.
  • Focus on sub-word feature processing.

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Main Results:

  • Previous conclusions about the Moses illusion were based on response shifts, not improved detection.
  • The data indicate no change in the ability to detect distortions with focused attention.
  • Evidence suggests the matching process operates at the distinctive feature level, below word recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The Moses illusion is not solely a word-level phenomenon.
  • Cognitive matching processes involved in the Moses illusion occur at the distinctive feature level.
  • Response criterion shifts can mask true detection abilities in cognitive tasks.