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Fever without source in infants and young children

¹University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

American Family Physician

|December 1, 1996

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Febrile infants and children present a diagnostic challenge, as viral illnesses can mimic serious occult bacteremia. A structured approach combining history, physical exam, and lab tests aids management decisions for fever without source.

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Infectious Diseases
Primary Care Medicine

Background:

Febrile infants and young children present a diagnostic challenge for primary care physicians.
Differentiating viral illnesses from occult bacteremia in febrile children is difficult due to similar clinical presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline a structured and rational approach for evaluating febrile infants and children.
To aid primary care physicians in making key management decisions regarding antimicrobial therapy and hospitalization for febrile children.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive patient history.
Thorough physical examination.
Judicious use of laboratory studies.

Main Results:

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The evaluation process provides crucial information for clinical decision-making.
A structured approach helps manage the uncertainty associated with fever without source in pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

No single optimal diagnostic and therapeutic schema exists for febrile infants and children.
Physicians should utilize clinical experience and literature to guide a rational approach to managing febrile children, balancing the risks of undertreatment and overtreatment.