Immune modulators in the context of the ovulatory process: a role for interleukin-1

Recent studies have established the existence of a complete intraovarian interleukin-1 system replete with ligands, receptors, and a receptor antagonist. This article examines the hypothesis that intraovarian IL-1 may play an intermediary role in the ovulatory process. More specifically, it is hypothesized that intraovarian IL-1 beta may constitute a mediator of gonadotropins in the induction of ovulation, an effector capable of coordinating and amplifying key components of the ovulatory cascade. The insight derived from this investigation may result the elucidation of some of the molecular events underlying the ovulatory process, in the delineation of the reproductive side effects of systemic anti-IL-1 therapy, and in potentially improved strategies for the promotion of fertility or its control.