Ultrastructural study of an apatite layer formed by a biomimetic process and its bonding to bone

A dense and uniform apatite layer about 20 microns thick was formed on a poly(ether sulphone) (PESF) substrate treated with glow discharge in O2 gas by a biomimetic process. The apatite-polymer composite obtained was implanted into a rabbit tibia and the structure of the PESF-apatite-bone interface was observed under a scanning and a transmission electron microscope 8 weeks after implantation. The apatite layer formed by the biomimetic process was confirmed to consist of small crystals of apatite with a structure similar to that of apatite in bone. The apatite layer remained on the substrate in the body, and bonded to the apatite in bone directly. This type of apatite-organic polymer composite expected to be useful as bone-repairing material.