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[Features in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the neonatal period]
E Moliner Calderón1, C Fortuny Guasch, T Sorni Hubrecht
1Sección de Neonatología, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Barcelona.
Anales Espanoles De Pediatria
|August 1, 1996
Summary
Infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during gestation experience accelerated disease and higher mortality. Early detection and understanding of intra-uterine transmission are critical for pediatric HIV-1 management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Immunology
Context:
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in newborns presents diverse clinical patterns.
- The exact timing of vertical HIV-1 transmission remains challenging to determine.
- Intra-uterine transmission may lead to more severe and rapid disease progression compared to intrapartum or delivery-related infections.
Purpose:
- To investigate the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in newborns diagnosed with HIV-1 infection.
- To correlate early clinical and laboratory findings with disease progression and outcomes in vertically infected infants.
Summary:
- Seven newborns with HIV-1 infection were studied, with all exhibiting clinical or laboratory features at birth.
- Prematurity was common (71.4%), with frequent findings including hepatomegaly, failure to thrive, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and cellular immunosuppression.
- HIV-1 infection was confirmed on day one of life via antigen detection, PCR, or viral culture, with a 70% mortality rate within the first year.
Impact:
- Findings suggest intra-uterine HIV-1 infection leads to accelerated disease, early AIDS manifestation, and increased mortality in newborns.
- Maternal factors such as infection characteristics, immune status, and antibody levels, alongside fetal factors like prematurity, may influence intra-uterine transmission and disease severity.