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The placebo effect in cardiovascular disease

L Bienenfeld1, W Frishman, S P Glasser

  • 1Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

American Heart Journal
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Placebo treatments show a direct link to better outcomes in preventing myocardial infarction. Short-term placebo trials are safe for cardiovascular drug studies, even with ethical debates.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Placebo effects are documented in various cardiovascular conditions including systemic hypertension, angina pectoris, silent myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure (CHF), and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
  • Compliance with placebo treatment correlates with positive clinical outcomes in myocardial infarction prevention.
  • The safety of short-term placebo-controlled trials is established in angina pectoris drug studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established effects of placebo in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To assess the safety and ethical considerations of placebo-controlled trials in cardiovascular drug evaluation.
  • To emphasize the scientific value of placebo-controlled studies when life-saving treatments are not withheld.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on placebo effects in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of safety data from short-term placebo-controlled trials.
  • Discussion of ethical frameworks for placebo use in clinical research.

Main Results:

  • Placebo effects are well-characterized across multiple cardiovascular conditions.
  • A direct relationship exists between adherence to placebo and favorable outcomes in myocardial infarction prevention.
  • Short-term placebo-controlled trials are deemed safe and informative for cardiovascular drug development.

Conclusions:

  • Placebo-controlled trials remain a scientifically valuable tool in cardiovascular research.
  • The ethical challenges of placebo use are manageable when life-saving alternatives are available.
  • Continued use of placebo-controlled studies is prudent for generating robust scientific evidence in cardiovascular drug evaluation.

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