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HIV-1 genetic diversity

F E McCutchan1, M O Salminen, J K Carr

  • 1Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

AIDS (London, England)
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity is driven by mutation and recombination. Recombinant strains, particularly subtype E, are fueling the global epidemic and shaping HIV-1 evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) exhibits significant genetic diversity through mutation and recombination.
  • Most global HIV-1 subtypes and intersubtype recombinations lack comprehensive full genome sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize full-length HIV-1 genomes from various subtypes and recombinant forms.
  • To investigate the role of recombination in HIV-1 evolution and subtype distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long polymerase chain reaction amplification, molecular cloning, and automated sequencing of HIV-1 genomes.
  • Employed standard and modified phylogenetic analyses for breakpoint detection and mapping.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subtypes A, B, C, and D showed limited evidence of intersubtype recombination.
  • Subtypes E and G, along with some A/D recombinants, were found to be recombinant with subtype A, often retaining specific genetic segments.
  • Identified recombinant HIV-1 strains with mixed subtype genetic components, resembling pseudotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant HIV-1 strains have established a global reservoir and are driving the subtype E epidemic in Southeast Asia.
  • Recombination is a key factor in HIV-1 evolution, and increasing geographic intermixing of subtypes may lead to novel recombinant forms.