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Related Experiment Videos

Changing a response set in normal development and in ADHD children with and without tics

J van der Meere1, W B Gunning, N Stemerdink

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated task-inappropriate responding in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Unexpectedly, ADHD

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive function deficits.
  • Children with ADHD, particularly those with comorbid tics, may exhibit difficulties with response control.
  • Understanding the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying impulsive responding in ADHD is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the locus of task-inappropriate (impulsive) responding in children with ADHD, with and without tics.
  • To examine the impact of age on response bias tasks in a typically developing population.
  • To compare cognitive performance on a response bias task between ADHD and typically developing children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a variant of Sternberg's (1969) response bias task to assess mental operations.

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  • Measured response planning, execution, inhibition, and preparation for alternative responses.
  • Compared performance across age groups in a normal sample and between ADHD (with/without tics) and control groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Task performance improved with age in typically developing children, with younger children struggling to change response sets.
    • Children with ADHD, irrespective of tics, showed significant task inefficiency.
    • This inefficiency was unexpectedly not attributable to rapid display scanning, response set shifting difficulties, or speed-accuracy trade-offs.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings challenge simple explanations of response inhibition deficits in ADHD.
    • The study suggests that the locus of impulsive responding in ADHD may be more complex than previously assumed.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise cognitive mechanisms underlying impulsivity in ADHD populations.