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Patterning the cranial neural crest

A Graham1, A Lumsden

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UMDS, Guys Hospital, London, U.K.

Biochemical Society Symposium
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Neural crest cells form distinct streams during chick embryo development, guided by apoptosis in specific rhombomeres. Neighboring cells and Bmp-4 signaling regulate this process, ensuring proper craniofacial development.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Embryology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Neural crest cells are crucial for craniofacial development in chick embryos.
  • Neural crest migration into branchial arches occurs in distinct streams.
  • Specific rhombomeres (r3 and r5) exhibit neural crest apoptosis, separating migratory streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms regulating neural crest apoptosis in rhombomeres 3 and 5.
  • To understand the role of cell-cell interactions and signaling molecules in shaping neural crest streams.
  • To elucidate how these processes ensure accurate pattern transfer to branchial arches.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro culture of rhombomere explants (r3, r5, and neighbors).
  • Co-culture experiments to study cell-cell interactions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of gene expression (Bmp-4, msx-2) and apoptosis.
  • Addition of recombinant Bmp-4 to explant cultures.

    • Main Results:

    • Isolated r3 and r5 produce numerous crest cells, but apoptosis is restored upon co-culture with neighboring segments.
    • Expression of Bmp-4 and msx-2 in apoptotic domains is dependent on neighbor interactions.
    • Recombinant Bmp-4 upregulates Bmp-4 and msx-2 expression and restores apoptosis in r3/r5 explants.

    Conclusions:

    • Neighboring cell interactions and Bmp-4 signaling are critical for regulating neural crest apoptosis in specific rhombomeres.
    • This interactive mechanism sculpts neural crest outflow into non-mixing streams.
    • Ensures precise pattern transfer for branchial arch development and craniofacial structure.