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Immunoglobulin profile in mycetoma

A Singhvi¹, K R Joshi, J C Sharma

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology

|July 1, 1996

Summary

Mycetoma infection alters immunoglobulin levels. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was consistently elevated across all mycetoma cases, while IgG and IgM showed varied responses, particularly in bone-involved infections.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Medical Mycology

Background:

Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous infectious disease affecting subcutaneous tissue, bone, and muscle.
Causative agents include fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with Madurella mycetomi and Streptomyces species being common pathogens.
Immunoglobulin alterations are observed in various infectious diseases, but specific patterns in mycetoma require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) profiles in patients with mycetoma caused by different etiological agents.
To correlate immunoglobulin levels with the causative agent and the extent of disease, particularly bone involvement.

Main Methods:

Serum samples from 25 mycetoma patients (18 Madurella mycetomi, 5 Streptomyces somaliensis, 1 Streptomyces madurae, 1 Streptomyces pelletierii) and 25 healthy controls were analyzed.
Radial immunodiffusion method using tripartigen plates was employed to quantify IgG, IgM, and IgA levels.

Main Results:

Elevated concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were observed in mycetoma cases caused by M. mycetomi and S. pelletierii.
Increased IgG and IgM levels in S. madurae and S. somaliensis mycetoma with bone involvement were not statistically significant.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) showed consistently high levels across all mycetoma cases, regardless of the causative agent or tissue affected.

Conclusions:

Mycetoma infection is associated with significant alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels.
Consistently high IgA levels suggest its potential role in the host response to mycetoma.
The observed variations in IgG and IgM, particularly the lack of statistical significance in bone-involved cases, may indicate a diminished host immune response in advanced disease stages.

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