[Immunotherapy of solid tumors. Current status and prospects]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

• Immunotherapy represents a novel cancer treatment strategy with significant potential.
• Current limitations include suboptimal curative efficiency and restricted clinical use.
• Advancements in understanding immune responses are driving immunotherapy development.

Discussion:

• Critically analyzes current immunotherapeutic strategies based on recent experimental research.
• Highlights the evolution from non-specific immunotherapy (e.g., lymphokines) to targeted approaches.
• Discusses the shift towards in vitro expanded specific lymphocytes and in vivo active specific immunotherapy.

Key Insights:

• Immunotherapy protocols are increasingly integrated with physiological immune responses.
• The focus has moved from general immune stimulation to specific cellular and antigen-based therapies.
• Modified tumor vaccines and manipulated tumor antigens are key components of active immunotherapy.

Outlook:

• Further integration of immunotherapy with physiological immune mechanisms is expected.
• Development of more effective and widely applicable cancer immunotherapies is anticipated.
• Continued research into specific lymphocytes and tumor antigen manipulation will refine treatment strategies.