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Allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye

H Fujishima1, I Toda, J Shimazaki

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Diagnosing allergic conjunctivitis versus dry eye can be challenging. This study found that patients with allergic conjunctivitis but negative specific IgE may actually have dry eye, indicating the importance of tear dynamics evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Differentiating allergic conjunctivitis from dry eye solely on symptoms and clinical examination is often difficult, particularly in elderly patients.
  • A hypothesis was proposed that clinically allergic patients with negative serum antigen-specific IgE might be candidates for dry eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum antigen-specific IgE levels and dry eye indicators in patients clinically diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis.
  • To determine if negative serum antigen-specific IgE is indicative of dry eye in allergic conjunctivitis patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 60 patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis based on itchy sensation and conjunctival papilla formation.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: 30 with positive serum antigen-specific IgE and 30 with negative IgE, with no significant age differences.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Dry eye examinations, including Schirmer's test and tear clearance, along with serum total IgE measurements, were conducted on both groups.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in age or sex ratio were observed between the IgE-positive and IgE-negative groups.
    • The IgE-negative group exhibited significantly lower Schirmer's test scores, tear clearance, tear function index, and serum total IgE levels compared to the IgE-positive group.
    • Statistical significance was noted for differences in Schirmer's test (p=0.002), tear clearance (p=0.0001), tear function index (p=0.0001), and serum total IgE (p=0.04).

    Conclusions:

    • Evaluating serum antigen-specific IgE and tear dynamics is crucial for the differential diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye.
    • Clinically diagnosed allergic conjunctivitis with negative serum antigen-specific and total IgE may represent a form of dry eye.
    • This finding aids in refining diagnostic approaches for ocular surface diseases.