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Related Experiment Videos

Risk management in allergen immunotherapy

D K Greineder1

  • 1Harvard Community Health Plan Kenmore Center, Allergy Department, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Allergen immunotherapy can cause severe reactions, especially with rush immunotherapy. Risk factors include asthma and active pollen seasons, but safety measures may help prevent these adverse events.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic anaphylactic reactions are the primary risk associated with allergen immunotherapy.
  • The frequency of these reactions varies significantly, from less than 1% in conventional therapy to over 36% in rush immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and risk factors of systemic and fatal reactions to allergen immunotherapy.
  • To discuss recommended precautions and potential interventions to improve patient safety during allergen immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on allergen immunotherapy reactions.
  • Analysis of risk factors, reaction onset times, and patient characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Systemic and fatal reactions share similar characteristics, with onset typically within 30 minutes post-injection for about 70% of patients.

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  • Key risk factors include a history of asthma, increasing allergen dose, high allergen sensitivity, prior systemic reactions, and injections during active allergen seasons.

    • Conclusions:

    • Precautions and interventions like premedication, peak flow monitoring, and immediate access to emergency medications are suggested to enhance safety.
    • Further research is needed to validate these interventions before routine implementation in allergen immunotherapy protocols.