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Reactivating a Reactivation Theory of Implicit Memory

Bower1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305

Consciousness and Cognition
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This memory theory explains implicit and explicit memory by distinguishing associations between memory units. It proposes that independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations accounts for memory dissociations, particularly in amnesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Memory
  • Memory Theory

Background:

  • Traditional memory theory differentiates between implicit and explicit memory tasks.
  • These tasks involve associations between various memory units, including sensory features, logogens, imagens, concepts, and context tags.
  • Perceptual and conceptual priming are explained by strengthened associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To interpret implicit and explicit memory tasks within a unified theoretical framework.
  • To explain dissociations observed between implicit and explicit memory measures.
  • To account for memory deficits in global amnesia patients.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a theoretical model distinguishing memory units and their associations.
  • It differentiates between associations strengthened by perceptual experiences (sensory features to logogens) and by use (concepts).
  • The model assumes independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations upon item presentation.

Main Results:

  • The theory explains specific perceptual, semantic, and associative priming through strengthened associations.
  • Episodic memory is framed as associations from an item to personal context tags.
  • Contextual associations are crucial for explicit memory tasks like recall and recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Independent strengthening of sensory and contextual associations allows for explaining memory dissociations.
  • Global amnesia is attributed to a selective deficit in forming novel contextual associations.
  • This deficit explains intact implicit memory alongside impaired explicit memory in amnesic patients.

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