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Gangrene of the extremities in measles
Abstract:
Gangrene of an extremity is very uncommon in measles, but we have encountered 3 cases. One patient had a peripheral variety with gangrene of the toes, while the other 2 had major vessel thrombosis. Evidence from the literature is advanced to support the hypothesis that disseminated intravascular coagulation on an immunological basis may be an important precipitating factor. Treatment is briefly discussed.
Insights
Gangrene is rare in measles, but three cases were observed. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, an immune response, may cause this extremity complication.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Measles is a common viral illness, typically self-limiting.
- Complications of measles are usually respiratory or neurological.
- Extremity gangrene is an exceptionally rare manifestation of measles.
Observation:
- Three pediatric cases of extremity gangrene associated with measles infection were identified.
- One case presented with peripheral gangrene affecting the toes.
- Two cases involved major vessel thrombosis leading to gangrene.
Findings:
- The study hypothesizes that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on an immunological basis is a potential precipitating factor for measles-associated gangrene.
- Evidence from existing literature supports the role of immune-mediated DIC in this rare complication.
- The pathophysiology likely involves an overactive immune response triggering widespread clotting.
Implications:
- Early recognition of extremity ischemia in measles patients is crucial.
- Understanding the role of DIC may guide preventative or therapeutic strategies.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and optimize treatment for this rare but severe complication.