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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

RSC, an essential, abundant chromatin-remodeling complex

B R Cairns1, Y Lorch, Y Li

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.

Cell
|December 27, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Researchers isolated a novel chromatin remodeling complex, RSC, from S. cerevisiae. This essential complex is more abundant than SWI/SNF and plays a key role in mitotic growth.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Chromatin Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • The SWI/SNF complex is a key regulator of chromatin structure and gene transcription.
  • Understanding chromatin remodeling complexes is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.
  • S. cerevisiae serves as a model organism for studying fundamental cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize a novel chromatin remodeling complex from S. cerevisiae.
  • To compare the novel complex, RSC, with the known SWI/SNF complex.
  • To investigate the functional role and abundance of RSC in yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of the RSC complex using biochemical techniques.
  • Mass spectrometry and peptide fragment analysis for subunit identification.
  • Assays for DNA-dependent ATPase activity and nucleosome remodeling capacity.

Main Results:

  • A novel 15-subunit complex, RSC, was identified and isolated.
  • RSC shares homology with SWI/SNF, with subunits Sth1p, Rsc6p, and Rsc8p related to Swi2/Snf2p, Swp73p, and Swi3p.
  • RSC exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and nucleosome remodeling capabilities.
  • RSC is significantly more abundant (at least 10-fold) than SWI/SNF and is essential for mitotic growth.
  • Unlike SWI/SNF, RSC was not found to associate with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.

Conclusions:

  • RSC is a distinct and abundant chromatin remodeling complex in S. cerevisiae.
  • RSC plays an essential role in mitotic growth, suggesting broader functions than SWI/SNF.
  • The lack of association with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme differentiates RSC from SWI/SNF.