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Humeral bone density losses after shoulder surgery and immobilization

M E Marchetti1, J P Houde, G G Steinberg

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Shoulder surgery immobilization causes significant bone loss in the proximal humerus. Bone mineral density decreased by up to 14% after six weeks, indicating disuse osteoporosis risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Shoulder surgery often requires immobilization, potentially leading to disuse osteoporosis.
  • Proximal humerus bone density changes post-immobilization are not well-quantified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the proximal humerus after shoulder surgery and immobilization.
  • To assess the extent and time course of bone loss in the humeral head, neck, and diaphysis.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD in 22 patients.
  • BMD was assessed 1-2 weeks pre-surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant decrease in BMD of 6%–14% was observed in the humeral neck and head by week 6.

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  • Bone loss persisted even after 6 weeks of remobilization, remaining statistically significant.
  • No significant BMD changes were noted in the contralateral, non-operated humerus.

    • Conclusions:

    • Immobilization following shoulder surgery leads to significant proximal humerus bone loss (disuse osteoporosis).
    • This study is the first to use DXA to quantify this specific bone loss.
    • Further research is needed to determine the clinical implications and recovery potential of this bone loss.