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Related Experiment Videos

Trigemino-cervical reflexes in normal subjects

C Ertekin1, N Celebisoy, B Uludağ

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical School Hospital, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated trigemino-cervical reflexes in healthy volunteers, revealing an interaction between innocuous blink reflexes (C1/C2) and nociceptive neck muscle responses (C3). Glabellar taps suppressed C3, while nerve stimulation suppressed C1/C2.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • The trigeminocervical complex integrates sensory information from the face and neck.
  • Understanding trigeminal reflexes is crucial for diagnosing neurological conditions affecting the head and neck.
  • Interactions between facial and neck reflexes provide insights into central nervous system processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of trigemino-cervical reflexes elicited by supraorbital nerve stimulation and glabellar tapping.
  • To examine the interaction between blink reflexes (orbicularis oculi muscle responses) and neck muscle reflexes (semispinalis capitis muscle responses).
  • To differentiate the electrophysiological properties of the elicited reflexes.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings were performed on 35 healthy volunteers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Trigeminal reflexes were elicited via electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve and glabellar tapping.
  • Simultaneous recordings were made from the orbicularis oculi muscle (blink reflex) and semispinalis capitis muscle (neck reflex).

    • Main Results:

    • Supraorbital nerve stimulation evoked a C3 reflex in the semispinalis capitis muscle (latency ~50 ms).
    • Glabellar tapping elicited early C1 and C2 reflexes in the orbicularis oculi muscle (latencies 18 ms and 35 ms).
    • A negative interaction was observed: glabellar taps suppressed C3, and nerve stimulation suppressed C1/C2; C1/C2 appeared oligosynaptic and innocuous, while C3 was multisynaptic and nociceptive.

    Conclusions:

    • Trigeminal reflexes elicited by facial stimuli exhibit complex interactions within the trigeminocervical complex.
    • The study differentiates between innocuous, oligosynaptic blink reflexes and nociceptive, multisynaptic neck reflexes.
    • These findings contribute to understanding sensory integration and reflex modulation in the human nervous system.