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Adjunctive brainstem behaviors in the rat

O J Andy1, X B Qian, M Lundien

  • 1Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.

Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
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Brainstem stimulation in rats induced adjunctive behaviors, which were amplified by cocaine and altered by dextrorphan. These behaviors are linked to abnormal EEG patterns, suggesting innate drives from the brainstem reticular formation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Adjunctive behaviors are defined as excessive or out-of-context actions.
  • Historically, these behaviors were observed in rats under specific feeding schedules and clinically with brainstem discharges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model for studying brainstem-generated adjunctive behaviors in rats.
  • Investigate the role of the brainstem reticular formation in producing these behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one rats underwent midbrain kindling via mechanical and electrical stimulation.
  • Lesions and drugs (cocaine, dextrorphan) were administered in nine treatment groups.
  • Behaviors were visually recorded, and electroencephalograms (EEGs) were monitored.

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Main Results:

  • A total of 45 distinct behaviors were elicited.
  • DC stimulation significantly increased behaviors compared to electrode insertion or cocaine alone.
  • Cocaine enhanced, while dextrorphan induced catatonic and sleep states; behaviors were random and linked to abnormal EEG patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Brainstem behaviors are proposed to be innate drives originating in the brainstem reticular formation.
  • These behaviors are subject to cortical monitoring and modification by environmental and cortical inputs.