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Related Experiment Videos

The information that drivers use: is it indeed 90% visual?

M Sivak1

  • 1Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2150, USA. sivak@umich.edu

Perception
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Claims that 90% of driving information is visual lack evidence. This study found no data or measurement systems to support such precise visual information percentages in driving.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Factors and Ergonomics
  • Transportation Safety
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Widespread assertion in literature suggests 90% of driving information is visual.
  • Lack of empirical validation for this widely cited statistic.
  • Importance of understanding information modalities in driving for safety and design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the prevalent claim that 90% of driving information is visual.
  • To investigate the empirical basis and measurement systems for quantifying visual information in driving.
  • To assess the validity of claims regarding the precise percentage of visual information used during driving.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of information processing in driving.
  • Comprehensive citation search to trace the origin and prevalence of the 90% claim.
  • Review of existing evidence related to visual information in driving tasks.

Main Results:

  • Absence of reliable data to support any specific numerical estimate of visual information in driving.
  • Deficiency in a meaningful measurement system for quantifying visual information relevant to driving.
  • Evidence suggests visual information is likely dominant, but precise quantification is not currently feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Claims attributing a precise percentage (e.g., 90%) of driving information to vision are unsubstantiated.
  • The lack of data and meaningful measurement systems renders such precise claims premature.
  • Researchers must exercise caution to avoid perpetuating unsubstantiated claims in scientific literature.

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