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Related Experiment Videos

Protein crystallization

S D Durbin1, G Feher

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Understanding protein crystallization is key for structure determination. This review details crystallization mechanisms, from nucleation to growth, highlighting factors influencing crystal formation and potential challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Protein and nucleic acid structure determination relies heavily on crystallization, a process that remains a significant bottleneck.
  • Current understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing crystallization is incomplete, hindering efficient structure determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and emphasize the fundamental aspects of the protein crystallization process.
  • To provide insights into the complex interplay of factors influencing nucleation, growth, and cessation of crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on fundamental crystallization mechanisms.
  • Discussion of experimental techniques such as light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and interference microscopy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exploration of the role of intermolecular interactions and phase diagrams in guiding crystallization.

    • Main Results:

    • Protein-protein contacts are crucial, balancing specific and nonspecific interactions that dictate nucleation versus amorphous aggregation.
    • Crystal growth mechanisms involve defects or two-dimensional nucleation, observable with advanced microscopy.
    • Impurities significantly impact all crystallization stages, and phase diagrams offer guidance for optimization.

    Conclusions:

    • Further theoretical development is needed to link intermolecular interactions with observable crystallization phenomena.
    • A deeper understanding of crystallization mechanisms, including growth cessation, is essential for advancing structural biology.
    • Optimizing crystallization conditions requires considering solution properties, intermolecular forces, and potential impurities.