Time course study of oxidative stress in aorta and heart of diabetic rat

1. Oxygen free radicals have been suggested to be a contributory factor in complications of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the lipid peroxide level [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in aorta, heart and blood of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at various stages of development of diabetes (0 to 6 weeks). 2. There was no change in the TBARS levels of aorta, heart and blood in the control group. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in TBARS levels of aorta, heart and blood was observed in the diabetic group. 3. There were no significant changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the aorta, heart and blood of control rats at all time intervals. In the diabetic group, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in aorta from the fourth week onwards while the activity of catalase increased at all time intervals. In the heart of diabetic rats, the activity of total superoxide dismutase and Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase increased significantly (P < 0.05) from the second week onwards while activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase decreased at the fourth week and increased at the sixth week. The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (P < 0.05) at all time intervals. In the blood, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased from the third week while catalase activity increased from the fourth week. 4. The present findings suggest that oxidative stress starts at early onset of diabetes mellitus and increases progressively.