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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

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Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
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Ascites01:19

Ascites

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DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Rat Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy ALPPS Procedure
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[Rapidly progressive ascites]

A Hadengue1, P Grosjean, C Genton

  • 1Division de gastroentérologie et d'hépatologie, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, Geneve.

Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
|November 2, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 50-year-old woman presented with ascites and jaundice, ultimately diagnosed with portal hypertension. Despite treatment for esophageal varices, her condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to irreversible shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • A 50-year-old woman presented with rapidly developing ascites, jaundice, and declining health.
  • A left breast nodule was identified upon admission.

Observation:

  • Initial workup revealed minor liver function abnormalities.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including CT scans and ultrasonography, did not show any visible liver lesions.
  • The patient was diagnosed with portal hypertension.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced severe bleeding from esophageal varices, requiring immediate sclerotherapy.
  • Despite medical intervention, her condition rapidly worsened, progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Ultimately, the patient entered irreversible shock.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for occult breast cancer to manifest with severe gastrointestinal complications such as portal hypertension and esophageal varices.
  • It underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach in patients presenting with unexplained ascites and liver dysfunction, considering potential extrahepatic primary tumors.
  • The rapid decline emphasizes the critical nature of these complications and the need for prompt management.