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Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus subgroup strain-specific infection in a murine macrophage-like cell line
M Obuchi1, Y Ohara, T Takegami
1Department of Microbiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
Abstract:
We compared infection of a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774-1, with two Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus subgroup strains. The GDVII strain, which is highly virulent and produces acute polioencephalomyelitis in mice, did not actively replicate in J774-1 cells, although there was a significant inhibition in cellular protein synthesis. In contrast, the DA strain, which is less virulent and causes demyelination with a persistent virus infection, productively infected J774-1 cells; however, there was less virus produced than in BHK-21 cells, and there was little if any cellular protein shutoff. These in vitro data may provide some explanation for the biological activities that are observed between both subgroup strains.
Insights
Theiler
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes neurological diseases in mice.
- Two TMEV subgroups, GDVII (highly virulent) and DA (less virulent, persistent), exhibit different pathogenicities.
- Understanding viral interactions with host cells, like macrophages, is crucial for explaining disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the in vitro infection of a murine macrophage cell line (J774-1) with TMEV GDVII and DA strains.
- To elucidate how these viral strains differentially affect macrophage protein synthesis and replication.
- To correlate in vitro findings with observed in vivo virulence and disease outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Infection of J774-1 cells with TMEV GDVII and DA strains.
- Assessment of viral replication.
- Measurement of cellular protein synthesis inhibition.
Main Results:
- GDVII strain did not actively replicate in J774-1 cells but significantly inhibited cellular protein synthesis.
- DA strain productively infected J774-1 cells, with less virus production than in BHK-21 cells and minimal protein synthesis shutoff.
- Differential cellular responses to GDVII and DA strains were observed in macrophages.
Conclusions:
- In vitro infection of J774-1 macrophages by TMEV strains correlates with their known in vivo virulence.
- GDVII's high virulence may be linked to its ability to shut down host cell protein synthesis.
- DA's persistent infection and demyelination potential might relate to its less disruptive interaction with macrophages.