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Catecholamine-induced adipocyte lipolysis in human hyperthyroidism

L Hellström1, H Wahrenberg, S Reynisdottir

  • 1Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Thyroid hormones amplify catecholamine action in fat cells, increasing lipolysis by upregulating beta 2-adrenoceptors and enhancing cAMP activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in hyperthyroidism. These effects normalize with treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Adipocyte Biology

Background:

  • Thyrotoxicosis is linked to increased lipid mobilization.
  • Thyroid hormones are thought to amplify catecholamine action in adipocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in isolated abdominal fat cells from hyperthyroid patients.
  • To determine the role of thyroid hormones in modulating catecholamine sensitivity and lipolysis at receptor and postreceptor levels.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated sc abdominal fat cells from 14 thyrotoxic patients and 18 controls were used.
  • Lipolysis was measured in response to norepinephrine, dobutamine, and terbutaline.
  • Beta-adrenergic receptor number and lipolytic effects of cAMP activators were assessed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Ten hyperthyroid subjects were reassessed after antithyroid treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperthyroidism significantly increased norepinephrine-induced lipolysis and terbutaline (beta 2-agonist) sensitivity.
    • A 3-fold increase in beta 2-adrenoceptor number was observed, with no change in beta 1-adrenoceptor levels.
    • Lipolytic effects of dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin were enhanced, indicating increased postreceptor signaling.
    • These abnormalities normalized after antithyroid treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperthyroidism involves abnormalities in both receptor (increased beta 2-adrenoceptor expression) and postreceptor levels (enhanced cAMP activation of hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipocytes.
    • Thyroid hormones modulate catecholamine action on lipolysis through these mechanisms.
    • Antithyroid treatment reverses these lipolytic dysregulations.