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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Identification of specific nucleotide sequences and structural elements required for intronic U14 snoRNA processing

L Xia1, N J Watkins, E S Maxwell

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7622, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Vertebrate U14 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) require specific terminal structures for intron processing. Essential elements include a 3-base pair stem and correctly positioned Box C/D sequences for U14 snoRNA synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vertebrate U14 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are synthesized through an intron-processing pathway from host gene introns.
  • Previous studies identified essential processing signals at the termini of mature U14 molecules, including Box C and Box D.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the precise nucleotide sequences and structures at the U14 termini crucial for its intronic processing.
  • To elucidate the role of the terminal stem and the spatial arrangement of Box C and D in U14 snoRNA biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of U14 snoRNA termini.
  • Analysis of U14 snoRNA processing and synthesis following mutations.
  • Comparative analysis with yeast U14 snoRNA processing requirements.

Main Results:

  • A 5', 3'-terminal stem of at least three contiguous base pairs is essential for U14 processing.
  • The stem can extend up to 15 base pairs without impairing processing; specific helix sequence is not critical.
  • The spatial positioning of Box C and D relative to the terminal stem is important, and both consensus sequences contain essential nucleotides.
  • Some critical nucleotides in Box C and D are conserved with those required for non-intronic yeast U14 snoRNA accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • The study defines the minimal structural requirements for vertebrate U14 snoRNA intronic processing, emphasizing the terminal stem and Box C/D positioning.
  • The findings highlight a conserved "terminal core motif" (terminal stem flanked by Box C and D) critical for snoRNA processing across species.
  • Identifies specific essential nucleotides within Box C and D, with partial overlap in requirements between vertebrate and yeast U14 snoRNAs.