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Related Experiment Videos

Histamine: the quintessential mediator

M W Greaves1, R A Sabroe

  • 1Professorial Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, UMDS, St Thomas' Hospital, London.

The Journal of Dermatology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Histamine is a key inflammatory mediator, acting through H1 and H2 receptors. Recent research reveals new histamine receptors and autoimmune causes for chronic idiopathic urticaria, involving mast cell histamine release.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Histamine is a critical inflammatory mediator fulfilling Dale's criteria.
  • It acts via H1 and H2 receptors, causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
  • Elevated histamine levels are observed in inflamed tissues, with mast cells storing and releasing it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on histamine's role, receptors, and release mechanisms.
  • To discuss recent advances in histamine pharmacology.
  • To explore the pathomechanisms of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) involving histamine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on histamine and CIU.
  • Discussion of newly identified histamine receptors (H3 and H(ic)).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of autoimmune mechanisms in CIU-related histamine release.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of H3 and H(ic) histamine receptors.
    • Evidence suggests CIU involves autoantibodies against the high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells.
    • Plasmapheresis, IVIg, and Cyclosporin A show potential therapeutic benefits in CIU.

    Conclusions:

    • Histamine's role as an inflammatory mediator is well-established.
    • Autoimmune processes targeting mast cells are implicated in CIU.
    • Further understanding of histamine receptors and release mechanisms is crucial for treating histamine-related disorders.