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Hillslope Evolution by Bedrock Landslides

Densmore1, Anderson, McAdoo

  • 1A. L. Densmore, R. S. Anderson, B. G. McAdoo, Institute of Tectonics and Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. M. A. Ellis, Center for Earthquake Research and Information, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Bedrock landsliding shapes high-relief landscapes but is often overlooked in models. This study presents a physical model showing how frequent small slides and infrequent large slides create persistent steep hillslopes, mimicking natural landsliding processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Geomorphology
  • Landscape Evolution
  • Physical Geography

Background:

  • Bedrock landsliding is a significant geomorphic process in high-relief areas.
  • Existing landscape evolution models often neglect bedrock landsliding.
  • Steep hillslope features are typically attributed to tectonic or climatic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a physical model of bedrock landsliding.
  • To investigate the role of landsliding in shaping hillslope morphology.
  • To re-evaluate the interpretation of steep hillslope features.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a physical sliding model.
  • Simulation of baselevel fall through incremental wall lowering.
  • Observation of slide frequency and magnitude effects on hillslope form.

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Main Results:

  • Frequent small slides create irregular hillslopes with persistent steep toes and head scarps.
  • Infrequent large slides are necessary to clear these steep features.
  • The model demonstrates how landsliding alone can generate observed hillslope morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • Bedrock landsliding is a key driver of hillslope evolution in high-relief landscapes.
  • Steep hillslope segments may represent normal landsliding processes, not necessarily external rate increases.
  • Landscape evolution models should incorporate bedrock landsliding dynamics.