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Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity

M R Rudnick1, J S Berns, R M Cohen

  • 1Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Graduate Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19146, USA.

Seminars in Nephrology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity (CM-AN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury in hospitals. This review covers CM-AN risks, prophylaxis, and remaining uncertainties in modern radiology.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity (CM-AN) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury.
  • Pre-existing renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus are key risk factors.
  • The choice of contrast media (high vs. low osmolar) and volume administered influence risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, clinical features, incidence, and risk factors of CM-AN.
  • To discuss current understanding and uncertainties regarding CM-AN prophylaxis.
  • To highlight areas needing further research in modern radiological techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CM-AN.
  • Analysis of risk factors including renal insufficiency, diabetes, and contrast media properties.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of prophylactic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • CM-AN remains a common complication of radiocontrast administration.
    • Risk factors include renal impairment, diabetes, and contrast volume.
    • Uncertainties persist regarding optimal prophylaxis and screening criteria.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to clarify the clinical significance of CM-AN with modern contrast media and techniques.
    • Optimal prophylactic regimens and creatinine screening criteria require further definition.
    • Understanding CM-AN is crucial for patient safety in diagnostic imaging.