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Halitosis. A common oral problem

A I Spielman1, P Bivona, B R Rifkin

  • 1Division of Basic Sciences, NYU College of Dentistry, USA.

The New York State Dental Journal
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Bad breath (halitosis) is mainly caused by bacteria producing sulfur compounds. Most cases stem from oral issues like poor hygiene or gum disease, while a small percentage link to systemic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Dentistry

Background:

  • Halitosis, commonly known as bad breath, is primarily attributed to bacterial putrefaction.
  • Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are the main culprits behind halitosis.
  • Oral causes account for 90% of halitosis cases, with systemic factors contributing to the remaining 10%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the primary causes of halitosis.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches for bad breath.
  • To detail effective management strategies for halitosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of etiological factors contributing to halitosis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic capabilities using modern analytical and microbiological techniques.
  • Examination of treatment modalities for halitosis management.

Main Results:

  • Oral conditions such as poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, and tongue coat are the predominant causes of halitosis.
  • Systemic conditions including renal failure, hepatic failure, diabetes, and trimethylaminuria are identified as less common causes.
  • Advanced diagnostic tools enable accurate identification of halitosis origins.

Conclusions:

  • Effective halitosis management hinges on addressing oral hygiene and periodontal health.
  • Tongue brushing and periodontal treatment are key components of successful halitosis management.
  • Understanding the distinction between oral and systemic causes is crucial for targeted treatment.

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