Glucose induces the translocation of glycogen synthase to the cell cortex in rat hepatocytes

After incubation with glucose a dramatic change in the intracellular distribution of glycogen synthase was observed in rat hepatocytes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that glycogen synthase existed diffusely in the cytosol of control cells, whereas in cells incubated with glucose it accumulated at the cell periphery. Colocalization analysis between glycogen synthase immunostaining and actin filaments showed that the change in glycogen synthase distribution induced by glucose correlated with a marked increase in the co-distribution of the two proteins, indicating that, in response to glucose, glycogen synthase moves to the actin-rich area close to the membrane. When glycogen synthase was immunostained with rabbit anti-(glycogen synthase) and Protein A-colloidal gold, few particles were observed close to the membrane in control cells. In contrast, in cells incubated with glucose most of the gold particles were found near the membrane, confirming that glycogen synthase had moved to the cell cortex. Furthermore, in agreement with the glycogen synthase distribution, glycogen deposition appeared to be more active at the periphery of the cell.