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Proton dosimetry intercomparison

S Vatnitsky1, J Siebers, D Miller

  • 1Loma Linda University Medical Center, CA, USA.

Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
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This international proton dosimetry intercomparison found that using a unified dosimetry protocol and conversion factors for ionization chambers can improve absorbed dose consistency to 1.5%. Current methods with institution-specific protocols result in a 3% variation in patient dose.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Dosimetry

Background:

  • Clinical proton beam dosimetry relies on protocols from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the European Clinical Heavy-ion Dosimetry (ECHED).
  • Both protocols recommend ionization chambers calibrated in Cobalt-60 (60Co) beams when calorimeters or Faraday cups are unavailable.
  • Discrepancies exist in input data, such as proton stopping powers and w-values, between AAPM and ECHED protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the consistency of absorbed dose delivered to patients across different institutions.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying 60Co-based ionization chamber calibration protocols on absorbed dose determination.
  • To promote inter-institutional uniformity in proton beam calibration through dosimetry intercomparisons.

Main Methods:

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  • Thirteen institutions participated in an international proton dosimetry intercomparison.
  • Measurements were conducted using ionization chambers in various beam conditions: a 15-cm square field at 10 cm depth in unmodulated (250 MeV) and modulated (155 MeV) beams, and a 2.6 cm diameter circular field at 1.14 cm depth in a modulated (100 MeV) beam.
  • Data analysis focused on absorbed dose variations based on different calibration factors and protocols.

Main Results:

  • Using ionization chambers with 60Co calibration factors traceable to standard laboratories and institution-specific protocols, absorbed dose variation was within 3% of the mean.
  • A single measurement using an ionization chamber with a proton chamber factor derived from Faraday cup calibration showed an 8% difference from the mean.
  • These findings highlight the influence of calibration protocols and conversion factors on dose accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting a single, standardized ionization chamber dosimetry protocol and uniform conversion factors is crucial for proton therapy.
  • This standardization can achieve proton absorbed dose agreement of approximately 1.5%.
  • This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved in high-energy photon and electron dosimetry, improving patient safety and treatment consistency.