Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Endocrinology
• Oncology

Background:

• Phaeochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause severe hypertension.
• Pregnancy complicates the diagnosis and management of phaeochromocytoma due to overlapping symptoms.
• Tertiary referral hospitals manage a significant number of high-risk pregnancies.

Observation:

• A 20-year review at a tertiary referral hospital identified 3 cases of phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy.
• The first case, diagnosed post-mortem, resulted in maternal death.
• The subsequent two cases were diagnosed antenatally, leading to successful maternal and fetal outcomes.

Findings:

• Antenatal diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma is critical for improving maternal and fetal survival rates.
• Severe hypertension, especially before 20 weeks gestation, labile blood pressure, sweating, palpitations, or headaches in pregnant women should raise suspicion for phaeochromocytoma.
• Prompt diagnosis and specialized management protocols are essential for cases of phaeochromocytoma during pregnancy.

Implications:

• Increased awareness and consideration of phaeochromocytoma in pregnant women with concerning symptoms can prevent maternal mortality.
• Implementing standardized diagnostic and management protocols for phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy can improve patient outcomes.
• Further research into the specific challenges and optimal treatment strategies for phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy is warranted.