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Related Experiment Videos

Loss of GSH, oxidative stress, and decrease of intracellular pH as sequential steps in viral infection

M R Ciriolo1, A T Palamara, S Incerpi

  • 1Institute of Biochemical Sciences, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio," 66100 Chieti, Italy.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 31, 1997
PubMed
Summary

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Sendai virus infection causes rapid glutathione (GSH) depletion in kidney cells via membrane leakage. This leads to impaired pH regulation and delayed oxidative stress, impacting viral infection outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glutathione (GSH) is a critical cellular antioxidant.
  • Viral infections can disrupt cellular homeostasis.
  • The precise mechanisms of GSH depletion during viral infections are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of GSH loss in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with Sendai virus.
  • To determine the consequences of GSH depletion on intracellular pH and oxidative stress.
  • To elucidate the relationship between viral infection, GSH levels, and cellular function.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with Sendai virus.
  • Quantification of reduced glutathione (GSH) in cells and culture medium.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of intracellular pH (pHi) using pH-sensitive probes.
  • Assessment of oxidative stress markers and protein disulfide formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Sendai virus infection caused rapid GSH loss, attributed to non-specific membrane leakage, not blocked by methionine.
    • UV-inactivated virus confirmed membrane perturbation as the cause of initial GSH loss.
    • GSH depletion led to a reversible decrease in intracellular pH due to impaired Na+/H+ antiporter function.
    • A secondary oxidative stress occurred after 24 hours, involving GSH incorporation into viral proteins and mixed disulfides.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral infection imposes oxidative stress through a two-step GSH depletion mechanism, initiated by direct membrane damage.
    • The findings explain the complex interplay between GSH levels and viral infections.
    • This study highlights the critical role of GSH in maintaining cellular integrity during viral challenges.