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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Is electrostimulation preferable to surgery for upper limb ataxia?

J P Nguyen1, A Fève, Y Keravel

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospital-Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.

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|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Ataxic syndromes affecting upper limbs, often caused by cerebellar pathway lesions, commonly present as cerebellar tremor. This review evaluates surgical treatments for this upper limb ataxia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Ataxic syndromes of the upper limbs stem from lesions in cerebellar efferent pathways, superior cerebellar peduncles, and midbrain.
  • Common etiologies include multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and neoplastic or vascular lesions.
  • Cerebellar tremor, characterized by postural and intentional components, is the most frequent clinical manifestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess the efficacy of various surgical techniques for treating upper limb ataxia.
  • To provide an overview of current surgical options for cerebellar tremor affecting the upper limbs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of surgical interventions for upper limb ataxia.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes associated with different surgical procedures.
  • Evaluation of the value of surgical techniques in managing cerebellar tremor.

Main Results:

  • Surgical interventions aim to mitigate the disabling effects of cerebellar tremor.
  • The review synthesizes data on the effectiveness of different surgical approaches.
  • Specific surgical techniques are evaluated based on their impact on postural and intentional tremor components.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical treatment offers a potential therapeutic avenue for debilitating upper limb ataxia.
  • The choice of surgical technique depends on the specific etiology and clinical presentation.
  • Further research may refine surgical strategies for optimizing outcomes in cerebellar tremor.