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Hypertensive encephalopathy in children

B V Jones1, J C Egelhoff, R J Patterson

  • 1Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Hypertensive encephalopathy in children is uncommon and may be underdiagnosed. Imaging findings, including MR perfusion, suggest vasodilation plays a key role in this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroradiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological condition characterized by severe hypertension leading to brain dysfunction.
  • Its occurrence in children is infrequently reported, potentially leading to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Observation:

  • This study details five pediatric cases of hypertensive encephalopathy.
  • Three cases included Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging, and two utilized Computed Tomography (CT) scans.
  • One patient underwent MR perfusion imaging, revealing abnormalities consistent with vasodilation.

Findings:

  • MR perfusion imaging findings support vasodilation as a primary mechanism in pediatric hypertensive encephalopathy.
  • Characteristic neuroimaging lesions in severely hypertensive children are indicative of HE.

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  • The true prevalence of HE in pediatric populations may be underestimated.

    • Implications:

    • Recognition of characteristic imaging findings is crucial for diagnosing HE in children.
    • Prompt management should target the underlying hypertension and its causes.
    • Further research is needed to understand the full scope and pathophysiology of HE in pediatric patients.