fhy1 defines a branch point in phytochrome A signal transduction pathways for gene expression

Physiological analysis of the fhy1 mutant of Arabidopsis has led to the proposal that the mutant is deficient in a downstream component of the phytochrome A signal transduction pathway. To define this lesion at the molecular level, we have examined the expression of a range of phytochrome-regulated genes in fhy1. In far-red light, the regulation of genes such as CHS and CHI is blocked in fhy1, whereas the induction of CAB and NR genes is affected minimally. In contrast, the induction of all genes tested is blocked in a phytochrome A-deficient mutant, confirming that gene expression in far-red light is regulated solely by phytochrome A. Thus, fhy1 defines a branch point in phytochrome A signal transduction pathways for gene expression. Contrary to the general opinion that responses to continuous red light are mediated by phytochrome B and other photostable phytochromes, we have shown also that red light-induction of CHS is mediated almost entirely by phytochrome A. Furthermore, phytochrome A-mediated induction of CHS by red light is blocked in fhy1. The induction of CHS by blue light, however, is normal in fhy1, suggesting that although FHY1 is a component of the phytochrome A signaling pathway, it is not a component of the blue-light signaling pathway for CHS expression.