[Endobronchial complications in lung and heart-lung transplantation]

Bronchial healing is good with heart lung transplantation but this technique is actually not often performed. Single lung transplantation and bilateral sequential lung transplantation (two single lung transplantations) have at present an incidence of anastomotic problems of between 4 and 30%. Efforts to improve surgical technique and medical perioperative treatment are described. Often the anomalies seen improve by themselves. On the other hand, endoscopic treatment is usually performed (dilation, yag laser, cryotherapy, stents) to maintain the bronchial airway opened. Precocious resutures, late broncho-resections of stenosed zones or retransplantations are more rare. Series which are for the moment short, of revascularisation of the bronchial arteries during the graft seem to give good results.