Treatment and prevention of malignant ascites associated with disseminated intraperitoneal malignancies by aggressive combined-modality therapy

No satisfactory treatment exists to treat or prevent malignant ascites secondary to nonovarian intraperitoneal (IP) disseminated malignancies. A Phase I/II clinical trial combining radical cytoreductive surgery (CS) and IP hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) with mitomycin C is presented. Between December 9, 1992 and July 31, 1995, 39 patients (pts) were explored for IP cancer. Five pts with known liver metastases were excluded, leaving 34 pts (15 female, 19 male) of median age 53 (range, 17-76). The majority of pts had disseminated IP cancers of gastrointestinal origin (80%). Prior therapy included the following: chemotherapy, 20 pts (59%); surgery, 29 pts (85%); and radiation, 2 pts (6%). Following CS, IPHC with mitomycin C was done. At surgery, 12 pts (35.3%) had frank ascites, and 12 pts (35.3%) had positive IP cytology without ascites. The median hospital stay was 9 days (range, 5-65) with no 30-day mortality. Complications for 36 treatments included: thrombocytopenia Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade 3 or 4, two cases (5.6%); neutropenia requiring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, seven cases (19.4%); sepsis, four cases (11.1%); bowel leak, two cases (5.6%); and serous wound leak, two cases (5.6%). Ascites correlated with worse resection status (P = 0.025). Ascites was controlled in 9 of 12 (75.0%) pts, with failures at 1, 4, and 14 months (median follow-up, 7.5 months). No cytology-positive ascites-negative pts developed clinical ascites (median follow-up, 9.4 months). The median survival time in pts with ascites was 10.1 months versus 32.7 for patients without ascites (P = 0.013). For the entire study population, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 74.6 and 48.5 per cent, respectively (median follow-up, 18.2 months). In this study, malignant ascites was controlled in 75 per cent of cases and prevented in all pts with positive IP cytology. CS plus IPHC appears to be relatively well tolerated and may be effective for the treatment and prevention of malignant ascites.