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Infantile cortical measles inclusion body encephalitis during combined treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Insights
A rare case of measles inclusion body encephalitis occurred in a 6-year-old boy undergoing leukemia treatment. Neuropathology revealed characteristic inclusion bodies and detected paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, confirming a measles virus link.
Area of Science:
- Neuropathology
- Virology
- Pediatric Oncology
Background:
- A 6-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission developed encephalitis.
- The encephalitis occurred 4 months after an uncomplicated measles infection.
Observation:
- The patient presented with neurological symptoms suggestive of encephalitis.
- Neuropathological examination was performed on brain tissue.
Findings:
- Necrosis and eosinophilic nuclear/cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in neuronal and glial cells of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia.
- Paramyxovirus nucleocapsids were identified within the nuclear inclusion bodies, confirming measles virus etiology.
Implications:
- This case highlights a rare complication of measles infection in an immunocompromised child.
- The findings underscore the importance of considering measles virus in encephalitis, even after seemingly uncomplicated infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- This case provides neuropathological evidence linking measles virus to inclusion body encephalitis.
Abstract:
A case of cortical measles inclusion body encephalitis occuring in a boy aged 6 years 7 months, 4 months after uncomplicated measles is reported. The child was undergoing combined treatment ofr acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He was in primary remission for 2 years. The neuropathological findings are characterized by necrosis, eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the neuronal and glial cells within the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Nucleocapsides of paramyxoviruses were detected in the nuclear inclusion bodies of both cell types.