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Brain tumors in children

R J Packer1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Childhood brain tumors are a leading cause of pediatric cancer death. Advances in neuroscience improve understanding and management, with chemotherapy and reduced radiation showing promise for some tumors like medulloblastoma.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system tumors represent a significant oncological burden in children, being the second most common childhood cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality.
  • Recent advancements in neuroscience have enhanced the understanding of these neoplasms, leading to revised classification systems and ongoing, albeit slow, progress in treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of primary central nervous system tumors in children.
  • To highlight the evolving role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treating pediatric brain cancers.
  • To discuss the potential of novel neuroimaging and neurobiological approaches for challenging pediatric brain tumor types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in pediatric neuro-oncology.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for various childhood brain tumor types, including medulloblastoma, high-grade gliomas, and brainstem gliomas.
  • Discussion of the integration of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treatment protocols.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy is a key component in treating several childhood brain cancers, notably medulloblastoma.
  • Combining postradiation chemotherapy with reduced craniospinal radiation may decrease treatment-related side effects while maintaining disease control.
  • The efficacy of preradiation chemotherapy is yet to be established.
  • For aggressive tumors like high-grade and brainstem gliomas, current therapeutic advancements have not yet improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • While progress in managing pediatric central nervous system tumors is ongoing, significant challenges remain, particularly for high-grade and brainstem gliomas.
  • The combination of chemotherapy with optimized radiation strategies offers a promising avenue for improving outcomes in specific pediatric brain tumors.
  • Future advancements in neuroimaging and neurobiology hold potential for developing more effective therapies for currently intractable pediatric brain tumors.

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