Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Second Order systems II

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.

First Order Systems

First Order Systems

First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...

Second Order systems I

Second Order systems I

A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...

Thermodynamic Systems

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...

Classification of Systems-I

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modern treatment of childhood SLE.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2001

Same author

Clinical trials for post-streptococcal reactive arthritis.

Current rheumatology reports·2001

Same author

Clinical trials for the treatment of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Current rheumatology reports·2000

Same author

Use of biologics in the treatment of childhood rheumatic diseases.

Current rheumatology reports·2000

Same author

Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide arrests progression of the renal chronicity index in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus.

The Journal of pediatrics·2000

Same author

Systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders of childhood.

Current opinion in rheumatology·1999

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

Systemic and localized scleroderma in children

¹Hospital for Special Surgery, New York 10021, USA.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

|November 1, 1996

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood scleroderma, including localized and systemic forms, presents unique challenges. Research is limited by small patient numbers, hindering well-controlled studies on causes and treatments.

More Related Videos

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Pediatric Rheumatology
Dermatology
Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

Scleroderma encompasses various rare childhood conditions, primarily localized forms like morphea and linear scleroderma.
While often benign, localized scleroderma can cause disfigurement, and progressive systemic sclerosis can be fatal in children.
CREST syndrome and progression from mixed connective tissue disease to systemic sclerosis also occur in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the spectrum of scleroderma manifestations in childhood.
To highlight the challenges in researching pediatric scleroderma.
To underscore the need for improved understanding and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of childhood scleroderma cases.
Analysis of clinical presentations and disease progression.
Discussion of research limitations in pediatric rheumatology.

Main Results:

Localized scleroderma is the most common pediatric form, with potential for significant deformity.
Systemic sclerosis and CREST syndrome are less frequent but carry severe prognoses.
Research is impeded by the rarity of the disease and small patient cohorts.

Conclusions:

Childhood scleroderma presents diverse forms with varying severity.
The rarity of pediatric scleroderma complicates research and therapeutic development.
Further collaborative efforts are needed to advance understanding and treatment for affected children.