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Hip joint forces during load carrying

G Bergmann1, F Graichen, A Rohlmann

  • 1Oskar-Helene-Heim, Biomechanics Laboratory Orthopaedic Hospital of the Free University of Berlin, Germany.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Carrying loads affects hip joint forces. Unilateral loads keep the affected hip joint force stable or lower it, but significantly increase force on the opposite hip. Distributing loads evenly increases force on both hips.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Certain hip joint diseases necessitate reducing contact forces between the femoral head and acetabulum.
  • Understanding how external loads impact hip joint forces is crucial for managing these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of load magnitude and carrying method on hip joint forces during walking.
  • To determine strategies for minimizing hip joint forces in affected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Six subjects walked while carrying loads of varying weights and distribution (one or two hands).
  • A mathematical model calculated maximum hip joint forces in the frontal plane.
  • One subject with instrumented hip endoprostheses provided direct force measurements for validation.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Carrying a load unilaterally maintained or slightly reduced force on the ipsilateral hip.
  • Contralateral hip joint forces increased substantially with unilateral load carrying (e.g., 25% body weight in one hand caused ~67% higher forces on the opposite side).
  • Evenly distributing the load increased forces in both hip joints by approximately 25%.

Conclusions:

  • Unilateral load carrying shifts the mechanical stress to the contralateral hip.
  • Even load distribution increases stress on both hip joints.
  • Strategies like maintaining an upright posture and abducting the load-carrying arm can help relieve ipsilateral hip joint forces during unilateral carrying.