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Related Experiment Videos

School leaving: a longitudinal perspective including neighborhood effects

M E Ensminger1, R P Lamkin, N Jacobson

  • 1Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Child Development
|October 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Living in middle-class neighborhoods boosts high school graduation rates for African-American males. Neighborhood poverty levels did not significantly impact graduation likelihood, and no effects were found for females.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Urban Studies
  • Education Policy

Background:

  • Neighborhood characteristics can influence individual life outcomes.
  • Previous research suggests socioeconomic factors play a role in educational attainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic status on high school graduation rates for African-American children.
  • To investigate direct, indirect, and interactive effects of neighborhood poverty and occupation on school dropout.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 1970 and 1980 census data for 202 Chicago metropolitan tracts.
  • Tracked a cohort of African-American children from 1966 to 1993.
  • Controlled for family background, academic performance, supervision, and substance use.

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Main Results:

  • Male adolescents in middle-class neighborhoods (high white-collar occupations) had higher high school graduation rates.
  • Neighborhood poverty levels did not independently predict high school graduation.
  • No significant neighborhood effects on graduation were observed for females.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood occupational composition is a significant factor for African-American male educational success.
  • Socioeconomic disadvantage at the neighborhood level, independent of family factors, did not impede graduation.
  • Gender moderates the impact of neighborhood context on educational attainment.