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Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet
M J Kretsch1, M W Green, A K Fong
1U.S. Department of Agricultural, Agriculture Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Presidio of San Francisco, California 94129, USA.
Objective:
To investigate if long-term caloric restriction under controlled conditions adversely affects cognitive function in obese women.
Subjects:
Healthy, premenopausal women between 23-42 y. Dieting group: n = 14.
Control Group:
n = 11.
Design:
Longitudinal weight loss study (repeated measures within-subject design) with 3 weeks of baseline, 15 weeks of 50% caloric restriction, and 3 weeks of weight stabilization.
Measurements:
Computerized cognitive function tests (sustained attention, short-term memory, simple reaction time, motor performance and attentional focus), height, body weight, body composition (TOBEC) and behavioral questionnaires (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).
Results:
Dieting women lost 12.3 +/- 5.5 kg (mean +/- s.d.) of body weight. Controlled long-term caloric restriction significantly slowed simple reaction time but did not diminish sustained attention, motor performance or immediate memory. Word recall performance significantly improved by 24% at the end of caloric restriction.
Conclusions:
The slowing of simple reaction time is a short-term and long-term consequence of caloric restriction. In contrast to previous short-term dieting studies, sustained attention and immediate memory were not impaired with long-term caloric restriction.