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Hormonal contraception and lactation

J J Kelsey1

  • 1Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.

Journal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
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Postpartum women can start hormonal contraceptives immediately. Progestin-only methods are recommended within the first six months postpartum, especially for breastfeeding mothers, to ensure effective contraception without harming the infant.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Maternal-Child Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Many women desire immediate postpartum contraception.
  • Lactation-induced amenorrhea offers contraception but may not be sufficient for all.
  • Postpartum hormonal contraceptive use requires careful consideration of infant and maternal factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of hormonal contraceptives initiated postpartum.
  • To compare progestin-only methods with estrogen-containing contraceptives in the early postpartum period.
  • To provide guidance on optimal contraceptive choices for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding postpartum women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on postpartum hormonal contraceptive use.
  • Analysis of data regarding the effects of progestin-only and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on lactation and infant outcomes.
Keywords:
BiologyBreast FeedingContraceptionContraceptive AgentsContraceptive Agents, FemaleContraceptive Agents, ProgestinContraceptive ImplantsContraceptive MethodsEndocrine SystemFamily PlanningHealthHormonesInfant NutritionIudIud, Hormone ReleasingLactationLevonorgestrelLiterature ReviewMaternal PhysiologyNutritionOral ContraceptivesOral Contraceptives, CombinedPhysiologyRecommendationsWorld

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of timing for initiation of hormonal contraceptives postpartum.

    • Main Results:

    • Progestin-only contraceptives can be initiated immediately postpartum and do not negatively impact milk volume, composition, or infant health.
    • Estrogen-containing contraceptives may decrease milk volume, but generally do not cause detrimental effects on infant growth.
    • Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may aid in weaning but require caution in non-supplemented breastfeeding mothers.

    Conclusions:

    • Progestin-only contraceptives are a safe and effective option for immediate postpartum use, including for breastfeeding mothers.
    • Initiating progestin-only methods at six weeks postpartum for fully breastfeeding women balances contraception with reduced infant hormone exposure and irregular bleeding.
    • Contraceptive counseling should be individualized to ensure adequate protection while supporting lactation.